Globalizing Fragmentation: New Pressures on Women Caught in the Immigration Law-Citizenship Law Dichotomy

The advancing forces of globalization have pushed citizenship discourses in new directions. Within the discourse of formal legal citizenship, challenges to the traditional coupling of citizen and nation have come from the marked increases in provisions of dual citizenship, as well as from the innovation of an aggregated citizenship status in the European Union. On the plane of substantive citizenship, globalization has ushered in a debate about whether the emerging structures of global civil society are a boon for participatory governance or whether the increased importance of the international realm for significant policy making has generated a growing democratic deficit.