Halsbury's Laws of Canada – Estoppel: (2024 Reissue)

The doctrine of estoppel is used to hold parties to their promises or agreements, whether formal or informal. Estoppel applies to many different fields of law, both public and private. This authoritative title provides an extensive overview of the various types of estoppel, including estoppel by deed, estoppel by convention, estoppel by representation, promissory estoppel and proprietary estoppel. The title describes and analyzes each individual doctrine, summarizes its development, and sets out its current application in case law from a variety of jurisdictions.

[From Halsbury's Laws of Canada]